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- <text id=93TT1191>
- <title>
- Mar. 15, 1993: On the Road of White Death
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Mar. 15, 1993 In the Name of God
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER STORIES, Page 45
- On the Road of White Death
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By JAMES L. GRAFF/GORAZDE
- </p>
- <p> Shelling, starvation, endurance, hope: these are the only
- commodities to be had in the besieged enclave of Gorazde. How
- long can the city hold on?
- </p>
- <p> If it depends on the determination of the residents alone,
- Gorazde might never fall to the Serbian guns that have
- surrounded the 232-sq.-mi. pocket for 10 months. For 70,000
- people, a murderous route over the mountains is their only
- lifeline. Night after night, they come to an isolated valley in
- eastern Bosnia, where authorities stockpile 110-lb. flour sacks
- and sometimes canisters of cooking oil. One evening last week,
- 400 people loaded all they could into rucksacks and onto the
- backs of 60 ponies, and trudged off on the dangerous trek back
- across the snowy mountains--the only way in or out of Gorazde.
- </p>
- <p> As darkness fell, the silent, shuffling black forms snaked
- up the mountainside for 10 numbing hours, then staggered down
- the icy and perilous descent. An uncupped cigarette was enough
- to draw fire from Serbian positions along the route. Alija
- Slivo, 60, who spent five months in Serbian captivity in the
- town of Foca, was ready for an ambush. "I'll blow myself up
- before I get caught by the Serbs again," he said, pulling a
- hand grenade from the pocket of his tattered gray jacket.
- Sometimes the trek is called off altogether when Bosnian
- security forces find pressure mines or booby traps on the
- unmarked trail--but dozens have died from those they missed.
- </p>
- <p> Even more perilous than the gunfire is what the Bosnians
- call bijela smrt, the creeping "white death" that comes when
- exhaustion leads to sleep in the snow and thence to death.
- Ramiz Bezdrob, a 66-year-old house painter, succumbed on the
- night of Feb. 27 trying to bring in food for his wife and five
- children. Four days later, other trekkers carried his emaciated
- body, his nostrils still plugged with ice, off the mountain on
- a primitive bier of branches. At least 50 people have frozen to
- death along the 26-mile route. Some of their bodies and those
- of fallen pack ponies are visible along the eerie moonlit trail;
- spring will reveal the rest.
- </p>
- <p> The meager supplies have kept the besieged alive--barely--amid the ruins of their city. Intensive shelling has left few
- roofs and windows intact. Rockets still regularly slam into the
- streets, but Gorazde's citizens are holding firm. They hope that
- help is coming. But so far, the C-130 transport planes droning
- over Gorazde have been destined for others. "The mountain trail
- can satisfy only 5% of our needs," says Gorazde Mayor Hadzo
- Efendic. And the airdrop? "The world has attached much pomp to
- that," he says, "but it is of no use to us."
- </p>
- <p> Some of the women refugees packed into a schoolhouse have
- received only soup made of bread, oil and water for weeks; they
- lie on their blankets all day long. At 105, Fatima Malokos has
- suffered through all of Yugoslavia's 20th century wars. "In
- World War I they only fought, in the second they only burned
- some houses," she says. "In this one they just shell civilians.
- This one is the worst."
- </p>
- <p> The misery breeds solidarity, even with Serbs. Dusanka
- Lazavic, 51, a Serb, saw the Bosnian police drag her husband
- away in June as a suspected sniper; she figures he is dead by
- now. Yet she stood in line last week at a food-distribution
- center with her Bosnian Muslim neighbors. Like them, she gets
- two half-slices of bread for elderly relatives. "We share every
- piece of bread, every cigarette," she says. "But we're all
- reaching the point where we can't go on much longer."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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